Windsor Body

Introduction

The Windsor Squareback body is a simplified automotive bluff body geometry used as Case 1 of the 4th Automotive CFD Prediction Workshop (AutoCFD 4). The workshop series aims to assess the predictive capability of CFD codes for road-car geometries through mandatory geometry, boundary conditions and computational grids, providing practical modelling guidelines to the automotive community.

This validation case simulates the Windsor Squareback body at 2.5° of yaw at a Reynolds number of 3 million based on vehicle length, within a wind-tunnel like domain. The yaw angle introduces asymmetry into the wake structure and provides a demanding test of the solver's ability to capture crossflow-driven separation and the resulting asymmetric rear surface pressure distribution. As well as force, moment and surface pressure data, non-intrusive PIV measurements in the wake are also available for comparison. Results are compared against experimental surface pressure measurements.

Centreline Pressure Coefficient

The centreline pressure coefficient (C_p) distribution along the body compares HiPer against experimental data. The plot captures the stagnation region at the front, acceleration over the nose, the roof boundary layer development and the base pressure recovery. HiPer shows good agreement with the experimental measurements across the full body length.